Economic and Social Costs of Inequality in Australia

Analyse the economic and social costs and benefits of inequality in distribution of income in Australia. Income inequality describes the extent to which income is distributed unevenly among residents of an area. High levels of inequality indicate that a small number of people receive most of the total income, and that most people receive only a small share of the total. There are many advantages and disadvantages associated with the inequitable distribution of income. Income inequality can lead to an increase in the productive capacity of resources and so an increase in real GDP per capita. Economic benefits are mainly derived from the incentive effects of inequality. Firstly, inequality encourages the labour force to increase†¦show more content†¦Class divisions can result in tensions between people and different regions. Wage disputes between workers and employers in which workers try to improve their income levels are a common cause of dispute. These divisions can sometimes lead to social and economic instability. As shown earlier, inequality leads to poverty problems but the facts have not been explored. Australia has a very high level of relative poverty with 12.2% of Australians living below the poverty line, defined as receiving an income below 50% of the median income level. Poverty tends to trap families into a vicious cycle of low incomes and limited economic opportunities. High poverty levels also tend to be associated with inc reased levels of crime, suicide, disease and reduced life expectancy. As you can see, there are many economic and social costs and benefits of inequality in the distribution of income but in general, having high levels of income inequality is bad for an economy and individuals so Australia has continually attempted to have relatively low levels of incomeShow MoreRelatedPotential Solutions For High Youth Unemployment1005 Words   |  5 Pageshigh levels of What are potential solutions for high youth unemployment in Australia be solved, and what are its implications on inequality for young Australians? I. Introduction High levels of unemployment have many negative effects, including rising inequality, which is a major issue in developed economies such as Australia (REF). Income, and wealth inequality are the two main types of inequality examined in economics. Income Distribution Income distribution refers to how the total income ofRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between China And Australia1236 Words   |  5 PagesSimilarities and Differences between China and Australia’s Economies Introduction The Chinese and Australia economies have many similarities and differences, including the size of the economies, growth rates, unemployment, inequality, standard of living, environmental issues and the roles the different governments have in influencing and modifying these factors of the economy. Size of Economy The GDP is the total market value of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. China’s GDPRead MoreOecd : Oecd Development Economic Growth1335 Words   |  6 Pages OECD Development Economic Growth IN Australia ABSTRACT: Organization for Economic Co-operation (OECD) was established in 1961. 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The minimum wage law came into force as a matter of social justice amongst the low-wage workers, also to reduce exploitation and see that workers can afford the standard basic living expenses and necessities, not to increase the unemployment rate, indeed to increase the employment rate. Critically speakingRead MoreEssay on Determination of HDI1278 Words   |  6 PagesDetermination of HDI The HDI is one of many methods of determining human development, first introduced by the United Nations Program. It does not only focus on a countrys economic wealth instead it looks at social, cultural and welfare criteria in a order to determine a countrys quality of life. HDI is calculated by using three factors chosen by the UN. These can be seen below: 1. Average life expectancy 2. Adult literacy rate 3. Income (GDPRead MoreAustralia s Current Economic Growth1390 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Economic growth is defined as a quantitative sustained increase in a nation’s output, referring to the volume of goods and services produced, over a period of time, generally per annum. It is indicated by an increase in the real GDP, which implies a rise in a nation’s economic capacity. As such, Australia’s current economic growth rate is 3% (May 2016). Inflation refers to a sustained increase in the general level of prices over a period of time, usually one year. It is measured byRead MoreRegeneration in Public Housing Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesparticularly the issues concerning spatial concentration of commission homes in low socio-economic areas. Australian government agencies are currently exploring solutions to the problems caused by public housing estates, developed primarily following World War II to address the shortage of housing. These homes built around the period of 1940-1960 have created stressed suburbs (National Archives of Australia, 2011). The physical problems of aged infrastructure and inadequately designed housing reflect

Design Model For Curriculum Planning - 1854 Words

Teachers around the world are tasked with what seems to be an impossible job. Increasing students’ knowledge and skills is no easy task, yet millions do it daily. Many can attribute their success to the ability to design a curriculum that engages learners and sets the foundation for success. Heidi Hayes Jacobs believes that a good curriculum sets the path for students to take (Laureate Education, n.d.). The process of curriculum mapping helps to ensure that learning is cohesive and beneficial to the individual needs of our students. Curriculum mapping provides the foundation and vision of learning. Once that foundation is set, it is up to the teacher to bring each individual lesson to life in a way that will truly impact students. Developing the Unit Plan My campus is one that promotes and practices the Understanding by Design model for curriculum planning. When creating my unit, I wanted to complete the process on my own so that I could gain practice. Being familiar with the Understanding by Design model and thinking with the end in mind, made the process of creating a unit very smooth. Jay McTighe (2010) found â€Å"that the intentional use of backward design results in more clearly defined goals, more appropriate assessments and more purposeful teaching† (p. 274). When planning my interdisciplinary unit, I constantly asked myself if the activity or assessment reflected the standards that students would be learning. Constantly reviewing the knowledge students will gain in aShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Curriculum Design And Planning1336 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to discuss what model of curriculum works best for certain disciplines, teachers, and situations, you first must define what you mean by curriculum and how you cho ose to define it (Lunenburg, 2011b). Lunenburg describes two different sets of models: deductive and inductive (Lunenburg, 2011a; Lunenburg 2011b). 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Although not a new idea, the deliberate use of backward design for planning curriculum units and courses results inRead MoreEvaluation Of A School Intervention Programme Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: - For school intervention programme I select town of Gujarat state to implement school intervention programme. The area of the intervention programme are firstly set a basic objective of the programme. Then planning for the intervention programme it included curriculum design for programme specially focus on language, teachers training for better results and assessment of the children performance. Tries to convincing the stakeholders to be part of the intervention programme and plan to integrateRead MoreInstructional Design Models Are Designed Systems That Focus1226 Words   |  5 PagesInstructional design models are designed systems that focus on the learner and educational objectives. Siemens (2002) defines instructional design as â€Å"a systematic process of tran slating general principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials and learning†. Mercadal (2017) stated that instructional design is â€Å"any process aimed at the creation of instructional education, typically with the objective of improving some aspect such as efficiency or appeal to instructeesRead MoreCurriculum Development Theories Of The Tyler Model949 Words   |  4 Pagesand Gordon highlights three different curriculum development theories. The Tyler Model with its focus on goals and objectives gathered from three sources then filtered through a philosophical and psychological set of screening criteria. The five-step Taba Model with a bottom-up emphasis shows teachers as curriculum developers, inductively developing curriculum through learning modules developed for their classrooms then refined. The more complex Oliva Model demonstrates twelve components designed

A Positive Approach to the Future Free Essays

A Positive Approach Towards the Future The issue of mandatory school uniforms has taken on several debates over the past decade; it is believed that this issue will plague public schools for decades to come. Students who wear uniforms feel a sense of being superior with their fellow classmates. This feeling of being part of a group boosts morale and individual confidence, thus leading to higher grades. We will write a custom essay sample on A Positive Approach to the Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children will be more focused in a uniform classroom. There is no more distraction as to what the other kids are wearing or who has the name brand shoes. Girls will be dressed appropriately and clothing will fit properly. This adds to the learning experience. There is no more competition. There is no more rivalry and the children are able to focus on their schoolwork and not on the latest trends ( Bodine 67-69). Former President Clinton made a state of the union address in 1996; in that address, the subject of mandatory school uniforms was mentioned. â€Å"If it means that teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear uniforms† (Williams). In fact, that year in Long Beach, California, the first district to implement mandatory uniform policies, assault dropped by sixty-seven percent, vandalism by eighty-two percent, and robbery by thirty-five percent. Overall crime was reduced by seventy-three percent the first year the policy was in place (Williams). This was a direct reflection of the uniform policy. Students were more disciplined and behaved in a more mature manner. These students took pride in themselves and others. With the lack of material items to fight over, students no longer felt the need to use aggression towards others, proving that school uniforms do in fact improve student behavior. Also when it comes to crime, a student wearing a school logo, is less apt to commit a crime outside of school while in uniform because it would be easier to track him based off of the school information on the uniform? This lowers the crime rate for the general public as well as the in school instances. Not only do mandatory uniform policies for public schools offer the potential for higher educational benefits and improved student discipline, school uniforms dissolve social boundaries between classmates. Students are no longer judged based off their appearance but by who they are on the inside. There is no more competition between social classes that these students may have otherwise felt and they work together as a team and share a common pride. All students will feel a sense of belonging. No longer will lower income children be labeled as poor based off of their clothing. All children will appear as equals in the classroom and will be treated as such. However, some may argue that uniformity takes away from the student’s individuality. Many children, especially teens, express themselves through their personal styles and the way they dress. Sometimes children need to feel special or unique and dressing a certain way is how they accomplish this. Uniformity takes away from the First Amendment by taking away freedom of expression. If we take away the freedom of expression, we are taking away our children’s creativity and conforming them into a society where free thinking is not accepted. However this is not the case. The uniform does not change who the child is on the inside or how he thinks creatively. Students will still be able to focus creative energy through activities such as art, music, writing or sports. There are several creative outlets besides the choice of clothing options. When it comes to our economy, we as Americans must pinch our pennies where we can. Many parents are faced with the dilemma of outfitting their children in the latest trends or putting money towards more important things like saving for their children’s college education. Some families are unable to afford the popular named brand clothing that their children desires, which make the children, feel inadequate in school when they are forced to wear lesser brand clothes or second hand outfits. School uniforms would take away that hassle of finding bargains to ensure that their children feel confident in their attire. Uniforms are generally more durable than the average street clothes. Granted, the cost may be a bit more substantial in the beginning, but the uniforms will last longer which means there is less out of pocket expense for replacement articles. With uniforms, the parents may only have to purchase two or three sets compared to several pairs of bottoms and tops. Uniforms are more durable and can be washed more frequently compared to regular clothes. This makes them the better option not only for lower income families, but all families in general (Romero C4+). Critics claim that uniforms will cost the families more money in the long run because parents will be forced to buy the uniforms and regular clothing for their children to wear when they are not in school. The cost for parents may double that of just buying traditional school clothes. Although this is partly true, that yes, parents will be faced to make additional purchases for their children, in reality, they really won’t be spending that much more money if any. Since uniforms are more durable, the parents only need to buy a limited supply and since the children will only be wearing their regular clothes outside of school, parents will not have to buy as many outfits. Most children wear out their clothes while in school. Since this is not an issue with the uniforms, the traditional street clothes will last longer, hence saving the parents money in the long run. Also without the constant competition in schools, children may not feel the need to have the latest brands and styles as they would if they were wearing the clothes to school on a daily basis around other social classes (King 3-5). With all of the advantages and disadvantages of implementing mandatory uniform wear into our public schools, there needs to be a compromise. Some schools have decided that it is best to make minor changes to the dress code policy. When it comes to school uniforms, there is a never-ending debate as to what the right approach and the wrong approach may be for our public schools. Works Cited Bodine,A.. aâ‚ ¬? School uniforms, academic achievement, and uses of researchaâ‚ ¬?. The Journal ofEducational Research 19 Feb. 2008: 67-73. Print. King, K. A. Should school uniforms be mandated in elementary school?. 2010: 3+. Print. Romero, E. aâ‚ ¬? School uniform countdownaâ‚ ¬?. Daily News Record, 16 Aug. 1999, C2+. Print. Williams, D. aâ‚ ¬? School uniforms: The raging debateaâ‚ ¬?. n. d. Web. 5 Aug. 2011. How to cite A Positive Approach to the Future, Essay examples