Design Model For Curriculum Planning - 1854 Words

Teachers around the world are tasked with what seems to be an impossible job. Increasing students’ knowledge and skills is no easy task, yet millions do it daily. Many can attribute their success to the ability to design a curriculum that engages learners and sets the foundation for success. Heidi Hayes Jacobs believes that a good curriculum sets the path for students to take (Laureate Education, n.d.). The process of curriculum mapping helps to ensure that learning is cohesive and beneficial to the individual needs of our students. Curriculum mapping provides the foundation and vision of learning. Once that foundation is set, it is up to the teacher to bring each individual lesson to life in a way that will truly impact students. Developing the Unit Plan My campus is one that promotes and practices the Understanding by Design model for curriculum planning. When creating my unit, I wanted to complete the process on my own so that I could gain practice. Being familiar with the Understanding by Design model and thinking with the end in mind, made the process of creating a unit very smooth. Jay McTighe (2010) found â€Å"that the intentional use of backward design results in more clearly defined goals, more appropriate assessments and more purposeful teaching† (p. 274). When planning my interdisciplinary unit, I constantly asked myself if the activity or assessment reflected the standards that students would be learning. Constantly reviewing the knowledge students will gain in aShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Curriculum Design And Planning1336 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to discuss what model of curriculum works best for certain disciplines, teachers, and situations, you first must define what you mean by curriculum and how you cho ose to define it (Lunenburg, 2011b). Lunenburg describes two different sets of models: deductive and inductive (Lunenburg, 2011a; Lunenburg 2011b). Deductive logic begins with a broad topic and moves toward a more specific goal; it is often considered a top-down approach or hypothesis-testing logic (Trochim, 2006). InductiveRead MoreModels Of Curriculum Development : Lattuca And Starks Model1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe following is an exploration of four models of curriculum development: Lattuca and Stark’s (2009) academic plan model, Richard Diamond’s (1989) model of curriculum development, Saylor, Alexander, and Lewis’s (1981) administrative model, and Oliva’s (2009) curriculum development model. The works of Saylor, Alexander, and Lewis (1981), and Oliva (2009) were chosen for this assignment, as our textbook authors cited neither. I decided on this approach because our authors do an excellent job of explainingRead MoreMy Core Understanding And K nowledge Of The Curriculum Innovation Planning Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge of the curriculum innovation planning as well as my overall learning from this course. As a group, we decided to explore Christine Sleeter as our critical theorist and we started developing a deep passion for her work in multiculturalism. Since, we all come from a higher education background and we understand the ongoing issues in our institutions related to multiculturalism, we decided to use multicultural curriculum based on Sleeter’s theory and design our curriculum innovation projectRead MoreEssay about Adapting the Curriculum Effective Teaching Strategies1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic for this reflection journal focuses on adapting the curriculum and effective teaching strategies. Part A of the journal will investigate and explain Differentiated Instruction, The Universal Design for Learning as well as the Response to Instruction Model. These three approaches will aid teache rs in developing a learning environment designed to maximise teaching and learning and make the curriculum accessible to all learners. Part B specifically relates to the advantages and difficultiesRead MoreHistory of Curriculum1282 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ The History of Curriculum Planning Hiawatha L. Blunt Grand Canyon University: EDA 561 July 17, 2013 The History of Curriculum Planning An effective curriculum depends on its design. When developing and planning a curriculum, educators must focus on student success. According to Danielson (2002), â€Å"educators follow clearly defined steps that are designed to link the local curriculum to state and district content standards† (p. 81). Once a state has established a Standard CourseRead MoreWhen Creating Curriculum Plans : Educators Should Interpret And Understand The Learning Context ( Or Learning Scenario )780 Words   |  4 Pages1. When creating curriculum plans, educators should interpret and understand the learning context (or learning scenario). Explain your interpretation of the scenario of your chosen curriculum plan. Students in Marika’s class show by their comments and actions, that they have a low understanding of multiculturalism and acceptance of other cultures. The student that makes the remarks is only repeating what he has heard. This is common in young children according to MacNaughton (MacNaughton, 2000)Read MoreBackward Design, a planning guide1555 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The concept of planning â€Å"backward† starting from desired results (the end in mind) is not new. In 1949 Ralph Tyler described this approach as an effective process for focusing instruction. Recently, Stephen Covey, in the bestselling book, Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, reports that effective people in various fields are goal-oriented and plan with the end in mind. Although not a new idea, the deliberate use of backward design for planning curriculum units and courses results inRead MoreEvaluation Of A School Intervention Programme Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: - For school intervention programme I select town of Gujarat state to implement school intervention programme. The area of the intervention programme are firstly set a basic objective of the programme. Then planning for the intervention programme it included curriculum design for programme specially focus on language, teachers training for better results and assessment of the children performance. Tries to convincing the stakeholders to be part of the intervention programme and plan to integrateRead MoreInstructional Design Models Are Designed Systems That Focus1226 Words   |  5 PagesInstructional design models are designed systems that focus on the learner and educational objectives. Siemens (2002) defines instructional design as â€Å"a systematic process of tran slating general principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials and learning†. Mercadal (2017) stated that instructional design is â€Å"any process aimed at the creation of instructional education, typically with the objective of improving some aspect such as efficiency or appeal to instructeesRead MoreCurriculum Development Theories Of The Tyler Model949 Words   |  4 Pagesand Gordon highlights three different curriculum development theories. The Tyler Model with its focus on goals and objectives gathered from three sources then filtered through a philosophical and psychological set of screening criteria. The five-step Taba Model with a bottom-up emphasis shows teachers as curriculum developers, inductively developing curriculum through learning modules developed for their classrooms then refined. The more complex Oliva Model demonstrates twelve components designed

A Positive Approach to the Future Free Essays

A Positive Approach Towards the Future The issue of mandatory school uniforms has taken on several debates over the past decade; it is believed that this issue will plague public schools for decades to come. Students who wear uniforms feel a sense of being superior with their fellow classmates. This feeling of being part of a group boosts morale and individual confidence, thus leading to higher grades. We will write a custom essay sample on A Positive Approach to the Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now Children will be more focused in a uniform classroom. There is no more distraction as to what the other kids are wearing or who has the name brand shoes. Girls will be dressed appropriately and clothing will fit properly. This adds to the learning experience. There is no more competition. There is no more rivalry and the children are able to focus on their schoolwork and not on the latest trends ( Bodine 67-69). Former President Clinton made a state of the union address in 1996; in that address, the subject of mandatory school uniforms was mentioned. â€Å"If it means that teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear uniforms† (Williams). In fact, that year in Long Beach, California, the first district to implement mandatory uniform policies, assault dropped by sixty-seven percent, vandalism by eighty-two percent, and robbery by thirty-five percent. Overall crime was reduced by seventy-three percent the first year the policy was in place (Williams). This was a direct reflection of the uniform policy. Students were more disciplined and behaved in a more mature manner. These students took pride in themselves and others. With the lack of material items to fight over, students no longer felt the need to use aggression towards others, proving that school uniforms do in fact improve student behavior. Also when it comes to crime, a student wearing a school logo, is less apt to commit a crime outside of school while in uniform because it would be easier to track him based off of the school information on the uniform? This lowers the crime rate for the general public as well as the in school instances. Not only do mandatory uniform policies for public schools offer the potential for higher educational benefits and improved student discipline, school uniforms dissolve social boundaries between classmates. Students are no longer judged based off their appearance but by who they are on the inside. There is no more competition between social classes that these students may have otherwise felt and they work together as a team and share a common pride. All students will feel a sense of belonging. No longer will lower income children be labeled as poor based off of their clothing. All children will appear as equals in the classroom and will be treated as such. However, some may argue that uniformity takes away from the student’s individuality. Many children, especially teens, express themselves through their personal styles and the way they dress. Sometimes children need to feel special or unique and dressing a certain way is how they accomplish this. Uniformity takes away from the First Amendment by taking away freedom of expression. If we take away the freedom of expression, we are taking away our children’s creativity and conforming them into a society where free thinking is not accepted. However this is not the case. The uniform does not change who the child is on the inside or how he thinks creatively. Students will still be able to focus creative energy through activities such as art, music, writing or sports. There are several creative outlets besides the choice of clothing options. When it comes to our economy, we as Americans must pinch our pennies where we can. Many parents are faced with the dilemma of outfitting their children in the latest trends or putting money towards more important things like saving for their children’s college education. Some families are unable to afford the popular named brand clothing that their children desires, which make the children, feel inadequate in school when they are forced to wear lesser brand clothes or second hand outfits. School uniforms would take away that hassle of finding bargains to ensure that their children feel confident in their attire. Uniforms are generally more durable than the average street clothes. Granted, the cost may be a bit more substantial in the beginning, but the uniforms will last longer which means there is less out of pocket expense for replacement articles. With uniforms, the parents may only have to purchase two or three sets compared to several pairs of bottoms and tops. Uniforms are more durable and can be washed more frequently compared to regular clothes. This makes them the better option not only for lower income families, but all families in general (Romero C4+). Critics claim that uniforms will cost the families more money in the long run because parents will be forced to buy the uniforms and regular clothing for their children to wear when they are not in school. The cost for parents may double that of just buying traditional school clothes. Although this is partly true, that yes, parents will be faced to make additional purchases for their children, in reality, they really won’t be spending that much more money if any. Since uniforms are more durable, the parents only need to buy a limited supply and since the children will only be wearing their regular clothes outside of school, parents will not have to buy as many outfits. Most children wear out their clothes while in school. Since this is not an issue with the uniforms, the traditional street clothes will last longer, hence saving the parents money in the long run. Also without the constant competition in schools, children may not feel the need to have the latest brands and styles as they would if they were wearing the clothes to school on a daily basis around other social classes (King 3-5). With all of the advantages and disadvantages of implementing mandatory uniform wear into our public schools, there needs to be a compromise. Some schools have decided that it is best to make minor changes to the dress code policy. When it comes to school uniforms, there is a never-ending debate as to what the right approach and the wrong approach may be for our public schools. Works Cited Bodine,A.. aâ‚ ¬? School uniforms, academic achievement, and uses of researchaâ‚ ¬?. The Journal ofEducational Research 19 Feb. 2008: 67-73. Print. King, K. A. Should school uniforms be mandated in elementary school?. 2010: 3+. Print. Romero, E. aâ‚ ¬? School uniform countdownaâ‚ ¬?. Daily News Record, 16 Aug. 1999, C2+. Print. Williams, D. aâ‚ ¬? School uniforms: The raging debateaâ‚ ¬?. n. d. Web. 5 Aug. 2011. How to cite A Positive Approach to the Future, Essay examples

Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust Essay Example

Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust Essay Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust BY oliver2017284 Rise of the Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust Germany was in utter chaos due to hyperinflation, Joblessness, and humiliation prompted by the Treaty of Versailles leading to a demoralized and dire state. During this crisis, Adolf Hitler, an unknown though high-ranking German soldier of World War l, saw firsthand how his country fought and made sacrifices again and again only to face defeat in the end. Hitler conveniently assigned blame on the innocent Jewish people. l will never be able to go back to Sweden without knowing inside myself that Id done all a man could do to save as many Jews as possible. (Raoul Wallenberg), Letters and Dispatches 1924-1944. Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat and a humanitarian, saved over one hundred thousand Jews in Nazi occupied Hungary during the Holocaust and the later stages of World War II. Raoul Wallenberg witnessed horrific inhumane acts committed by Hitler and his Nazi army spurred by Hitlers ambitions, his effective use of propaganda creating one of worlds worst human tragedies the Holocaust, and his scapegoat of the Jewish people. Hitler wanted to restore Germany to its former glory and eliminate the aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles. With the Treaty of Versailles put into place after WWII, Germany was forced to pay harsh reparations and give-up German colonies. Hitler took advantage of Germanys instability to advocate his vision of a pure German state, which also helped solidify his gain for power. Germanys economy was in severe recession and that made Hitlers power rise immensely because he was able to pinpoint the concerns of the masses. He put in place a social hierarchy where the We will write a custom essay sample on Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rise of a Tyrant, Hitler and the Holocaust specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Aryans were placed at the top and the Slavs, Jews, and the homosexuals placed at the bottom. He advocated one strong leader was needed to help lead this movement for a stronger Germany. In his mind, the Jews were the culprit and could not be trusted. The struggle for world domination will be fought entirely between us, between Germans and Jews. All else is facade and illusion. Behind England stands Israel, and behind France, and behind the United States. Even when we have driven the Jew out of Germany, he remains our world enemy. (Adolf Hitler) declared in 1927. He wanted to transform himself into a dominant leader and gain power by sacrificing the Jewish people. Therefore, Hitler was eager to create this imagined utopia where Germany was a country consisting of a single race, absolutely no Jews, and no physically or mentally impaired people and transforming it into a world power once again. To gain power, propaganda was heavily used to brainwash the masses and spread anti-Semitism to help him gain the status of the Fuhrer a tyrannical leader. Hitler even created a special name for the Jews, Untermenschen the sub-humans. Discrimination against the Jews quickly spread as time passed under the reign of Hitler. It is a small, rootless, international clique that is turning the people against each other that does not want them to conduct peace. (Adolf Hitler) speaks in 1929. personal biases and opted to tarnish the Jewish legitimacy. Hitler conveyed to his people that the Jewish had no permanent country of origin, and therefore they had no loyalty to Germany either. He also manipulated the masses by dehumanizing the Jewish people. Nazi thugs forbid Germans from going into Jewish shops, banks, and ffices, but unfortunately for Hitler, most Germans initially ignored his mission. Hitler did not expect his power to be condoned by his peers, what he wanted was his rules to have impact and widespread by the use of force and violence. His hunger for power soon led him to be a malicious and tyrannical leader. Hitler started to distinguish the hierarchies by creating symbols and signs to distinguish the Jews from the rest. Jewish people had their Jewish star sign pinned on their Jacket, and they werent allowed in certain places such as theaters, swimming pools, and resorts. On the other hand, people that wore the Swastika were feared but respected. Furthermore, what the soldiers accomplished were all part of Hitlers propaganda plans. As Germany dominated Austria, Poland, and countries around Czechoslovakia, Hitler attempted to eliminate the Jewish race completely by building concentration camps. The Nazis filled the concentration camps with Jewish captives and slowly eradicated them. They eliminated woman, children, and elders because of their physical limitations . Germans also forced the men and teens to labor for long hours. Hitler wanted to make use of the Jewish people efficiently, so he made them do harsh physical labor that no one else was willing to do. The Nazis committed mass murders after they felt the Jews work was done. Hitler thought about the limiting factors such as the food source, so he fgured the best way was to kill them all. Hitler used methods such as mass open-air shootings, gas chambers, forced to work until death, and death marches. Hitler anticipated many ways to get rid of the Jews as fast as possible. One of his well known and cruel ways was to use gas chemicals to poison the Jews. Almost 6 million Jews were murdered during the Holocaust and that was two-thirds of the Jews in Europe at the time. 1. 1 million children were killed during the Holocaust. His inhumane actions clearly brought the attention of the outside world. Germans were extremely powerful and advanced, they started to expand their army and reached for the Soviet Union. However their aggressive and quick expansion exhausted their own supplies. (Lucy Li) Hitlers troops were exhausted, millions dead or captured, and with the fall of the Romanian oil fields, German armies were running out of gasoline. Soon they dropped from the peak to the pit bottom by an attack from other countries such as the United States. During Hitlers reign, hundreds of thousands of Jews were sent into concentration camps. Wallenberg took on a humanitarian mission to save around one hundred Jews. Hitlers inhumane act to gain power was completely unforgiving and needs to be prevented at all cost in the future. Hitler exchanged 5. 7 million Jewish people for the sake of his own power and selfish dream. Therefore, this dark part of history should never happen again for the sake of humankind.

Computer Memory - History, Timeline and More

Computer Memory - History, Timeline and More Drum memory, an early form of computer memory, used the drum as a working part,  with data loaded to the drum. The drum was a metal cylinder coated with a recordable ferromagnetic material. The drum also had a row of read-write heads that wrote and then read the recorded data. Magnetic core memory (ferrite-core memory) is another early form of computer memory. Magnetic ceramic rings called cores, stored information using the polarity of a magnetic field. Semiconductor memory is computer memory we are all familiar with, computer memory on an integrated circuit or chip. Referred to as random-access memory or RAM, it allowed data to be accessed randomly, not just in the sequence it was recorded. Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) is the most common kind of random access memory (RAM) for personal computers. The data the DRAM chip holds have to be periodically refreshed. Static random access memory or SRAM doesnt need to be refreshed. Timeline of Computer Memory 1834 - Charles Babbage begins to build his Analytical Engine, a precursor to the computer. It uses read-only memory in the form of punch cards. 1932 - Gustav Tauschek invents drum memory in Austria. 1936 - Konrad Zuse applies for a patent for his mechanical memory to be used on his computer. This computer memory is based on sliding metal parts. 1939 - Helmut Schreyer invents a prototype memory using neon lamps. 1942 - The Atanasoff-Berry Computer has 60 50-bit words of memory in the form of capacitors mounted on two revolving drums. For secondary memory, it uses punch cards. 1947 - Frederick Viehe of Los Angeles applies for a patent for an invention that uses magnetic core memory. Magnetic drum memory is independently invented by several people: An Wang invented the magnetic pulse controlling device, the principle upon which magnetic core memory is based.Kenneth Olsen invented vital computer components, best known for Magnetic Core Memory Patent No. 3,161,861 and as being the co-founder of Digital Equipment Corporation.Jay Forrester was a pioneer in early digital computer development and invented random-access, coincident-current magnetic storage. 1949 - Jay Forrester conceives the idea of magnetic core memory as it is to become commonly used, with a grid of wires used to address the cores. The first practical form manifests in 1952-53 and renders obsolete previous types of computer memory. 1950 - Ferranti Ltd. completes the first commercial computer with 256 40-bit words of main memory and 16K words of drum memory. Only eight were sold. 1951 - Jay Forrester files a patent for matrix core memory. 1952 - The EDVAC computer is completed with 1024 44-bit words of ultrasonic memory. A core memory module is added to the ENIAC computer. 1955 - An Wang was issued U.S. patent #2,708,722 with 34 claims for magnetic memory core. 1966 - Hewlett-Packard releases their HP2116A real-time computer with 8K of memory. The newly formed Intel starts to sell a semiconductor chip with 2,000 bits of memory. 1968 - USPTO grants patent 3,387,286 to IBMs Robert Dennard for a one-transistor DRAM cell. DRAM stands for Dynamic RAM (Random Access Memory) or Dynamic Random Access Memory. DRAM will become the standard memory chip for personal computers replacing magnetic core memory. 1969 - Intel begins as chip designers and produces a 1 KB RAM chip, the largest memory chip to date. Intel soon switches to being notable designers of computer microprocessors. 1970 - Intel releases the 1103 chip, the first generally available DRAM memory chip. 1971 - Intel releases the 1101 chip, a 256-bit programmable memory, and the 1701 chip, a 256-byte erasable read-only memory (EROM). 1974 - Intel receives a U.S. patent for a memory system for a multichip digital computer. 1975 - Personal consumer computer Altair released, it uses Intels 8-bit 8080 processor and includes 1 KB of memory. Later in the same year, Bob Marsh manufacturers the first Processor Technologys 4 kB memory boards for the Altair. 1984 - Apple Computers releases the Macintosh personal computer. It is the first computer that came with 128KB of memory. The 1 MB memory chip is developed.

How to Separate Salt and Sand †3 Methods

How to Separate Salt and Sand - 3 Methods One practical application of chemistry is that it can be used to help separate one substance from another. The reasons materials may be separated from each other is because there is some difference between them, such as size (separating rocks from sand), state of matter (separating water from ice), solubility, electrical charge, or melting point. Separating Sand and Salt Students are often asked to separate salt and sand to learn about mixtures and to explore the differences between forms of matter that can be used to separate mixture components.Three methods used to separate salt and sand are physical separation (picking out pieces or using density to shake sand to the top), dissolving the salt in water, or melting the salt.Probably the easiest method to separate the two substances is to dissolve salt in water, pour the liquid away from the sand, and then evaporate the water to recover the salt. Physical Separation of Salt and Sand Since both salt and sand are solids, you could get a magnifying glass and tweezers and eventually pick out particles of salt and sand. Another physical separation method is based on the different densities of salt and sand. The density of salt is  2.16  g/cm ³ while the density of sand is 2.65  g/cm ³. In other words, sand is slightly heavier than salt. If you shake a pan of salt and sand, the sand will eventually rise to the top. A similar method is used to pan for gold, since gold has a higher density than most other substances and sinks in a mixture. Separating Salt and Sand Using Solubility One method of separating salt and sand is based on solubility. If a substance is soluble it means it dissolves in a solvent.  Salt  (sodium chloride or NaCl) is an ionic compound that is soluble in water. Sand (mostly silicon dioxide) is not. Pour the salt and sand mixture into a pan.Add water. You dont need to add a lot of water. Solubility is a property that is affected by temperature, so more salt dissolves in hot water than cold water. Its okay if the salt doesnt dissolve at this point.Heat the water until the salt dissolves. If you get to where the water is boiling and there is still solid salt, you can add a bit more water.Remove the pan from heat and allow it to cool until its safe to handle.Pour the salt water into a separate container.Now collect the sand.Pour the salt water back into the empty pan.Heat the salt water until the water boils. Continue boiling it until the water is gone and youre left with the salt. Another way you could have separate the saltwater and sand would be to stir up the sand/saltwater and pour it through a coffee filter to capture the sand. Separating Mixture Components Using Melting Point Another method to separate components of a mixture is based on melting point. The melting point of salt is 1474 °F (801 °C), while that of sand is  3110 °F (1710 °C). Salt becomes molten at a lower temperature than sand. To separate the components, a mixture of salt and sand is heated above  801 °C, yet below  1710 °C. The molten salt may be poured off, leaving the sand.  Usually this in not the most practical method of separation because both temperatures are very high. While the collected salt would be pure, some liquid salt would contaminate the sand, like trying to separate sand from water by pouring off water. Notes and Questions Note, you could have simply let the water evaporate from the pan until you were left with the salt. If you had chosen to evaporate the water, one way you could have sped up the process would have been to pour the saltwater into a large, shallow container. The increased surface area would have exchanged the rate at which water vapor could have entered air. The salt did not boil away with the water. This is because the boiling point of salt is much higher than that of water. The difference between boiling points can be used to purify water via distillation. In distillation, the water is boiled, but is then cooled so it will condense from vapor back into water and can be collected. Boiling water separates it from salt and other compounds, like sugar, but it has to be carefully controlled to separate it from chemicals that have lower or similar boiling points. While this technique can be used to separate salt and water or sugar and water, it would not separate the salt and sugar from a mixture of salt, sugar, and water. Can you think of a way to separate sugar and salt? Ready for something more challenging? Try purifying salt from rock salt.

Introduction to Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Introduction to Business - Essay Example This is indicated as improved performance of the organization. Internal communication channels such as face-to-face communication are essential in maintaining employee relationship. For instance, face-to-face communication enables managers to build corporate teams within an organization. However, this is possible when an organization has effective communication channels. Positive attitude and effective corporate relations promote effective face-to-face communication. Effective communication channels ensure sustainability of business in the modern competitive world. This is because communication stands out as a significant competitive advantage that businesses can use to enhance their sustainability. Effective communication channels within an organization ensure that it benefits from a piece of information before its competitors take advantage of the information. This relates to effective internal and external communication. In this case, effective internal communication enables employees to respond to certain business information within minimal time. On the other hand, effective external communication channels enable businesses to have a significant influence on the market. This effectiveness builds the competitive advantage of a business. The growth of a business depends on effective communication channels. Organizational growth is both a strategic management and an objective aspect. Organization growth enables a business to withstand changes affecting its business environment. This includes changes that affect its market and production units. Effective communication channels create links between an organization and its environment. This enables organizations to have timely response to changes within its business environment. Timely responses towards a business environment enable a business to withstand competitiveness within an industry. For instances producers of mobile phones requires an

Journal article review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal review - Article Example The same children perfectly conveyed probability concepts thru their own drawings, in which they described certain events that were impossible, likely and unlikely to happen. In other study, a teacher used an ordinary game with rolling dices, known to children of third grades, to convey the idea of experimental and theoretical probability. Children clearly understood how to use a fraction to represent theoretical probability of events, in this case, sum of the rolling dices. The author in her work described the methodology about how to teach a complex mathematical concept to students of third of graders. Probability – is a philosophical category, indicating the quantitative extent of the possible emergence of random events with fixed monitoring conditions, characterizing the stability of their relative frequencies. An elementary grade school teacher needs to convey this complex message to the small children. This is a difficult task, but has to be done. Educators task is to build strong foundations in the minds of those small children for future learning of mathematics. How to do it? This is where we need NCTM content and process standards. NCTM content and process standards describe in detail about how to accomplish this task. According to NCTM, educators need to build a curriculum focal point, to relate ideas, concepts, skills, and procedures that will serve the purpose of building foundation in children’s mind. To help the educators, NCTM has created a set of curriculum focal points. According to NCTM, it helps the educators to design and organize the next revisions of their expectations, standards, curriculum, and assessment programs. NCTM process standards emphasize on three things, (1) Problem Solving, (2) Reasoning and Proof, (3) Communication. I am now going to provide an analysis of Elaine Young’s article to demonstrate if it corresponds to NCTM content and process standards. The name of the article